The Beer Hall Putsch - 1923
The Beer Hall Putsch (also known as the Munich Putsch) was a failed attempt at revolution that occurred between the evening of 8 November and the early afternoon of 9 November 1923, when Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler, Generalquartiermeister Erich Ludendorff, and other heads of the Kampfbund unsuccessfully attempted to seize power in Munich.
The attempted putsch was inspired by Benito Mussolini's successful March on Rome, from 22 to 29 October, 1922. Hitler and his associates planned to use Munich as a base for a big march against Germany's Weimar Republic government. But the circumstances were different from those in Italy. Hitler came to the realization that von Kahr sought to control him and was not ready to act against the government in Berlin. Hitler wanted to seize a critical moment for successful popular agitation and support. He decided to take matters into his own hands. Hitler, along with a large detachment of SA, marched on the Bürgerbräukeller, a Munich beer hall where von Kahr was making a speech in front of 3,000 people In the ensuing confrontation with police forces, sixteen Nazis and four policemen were killed.
Hitler was arrested two days later and was charged with treason. The failure of the “Beer Hall Putsch” brought Hitler his first national publicity. He was arrested and, after a 24-day trial, sentenced to five years in Landsberg fortress. (Hitler's Festungshaft sentence was the mildest of the three types of jail sentence in German law at the time.) On December 20, 1924, Hitler was released from prison having served only nine-months.
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| Early Nazis who participated in the attempt to seize power during the 1923 Putsch |
The attempted putsch was inspired by Benito Mussolini's successful March on Rome, from 22 to 29 October, 1922. Hitler and his associates planned to use Munich as a base for a big march against Germany's Weimar Republic government. But the circumstances were different from those in Italy. Hitler came to the realization that von Kahr sought to control him and was not ready to act against the government in Berlin. Hitler wanted to seize a critical moment for successful popular agitation and support. He decided to take matters into his own hands. Hitler, along with a large detachment of SA, marched on the Bürgerbräukeller, a Munich beer hall where von Kahr was making a speech in front of 3,000 people In the ensuing confrontation with police forces, sixteen Nazis and four policemen were killed.
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| Adolf Hitler, age 35, on his release from Landesberg Prison, on December 20, 1924. |
Hitler was arrested two days later and was charged with treason. The failure of the “Beer Hall Putsch” brought Hitler his first national publicity. He was arrested and, after a 24-day trial, sentenced to five years in Landsberg fortress. (Hitler's Festungshaft sentence was the mildest of the three types of jail sentence in German law at the time.) On December 20, 1924, Hitler was released from prison having served only nine-months.
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